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Customs Modernization & Reform

Customs Modernization and Reform

I. What is the WCO ?

nEstablished as Customs Cooperation Council (CCC) in Brussels in 1952

•1st Council session with 17 European countries on 26/01/1953 (International Customs Day)

nEvolved into a global institution with 165 world-wide members, covering 99% of global trade

nWorld Customs Organization (WCO) adopted as working name in 1994

•Evolution of GATT into WTO in 1994

Membership, Financial Contribution, expenditure

n165 governments and independent customs territories from 6 regions (1 vote for 1 member)

•Asia-Pacific 30

•America 27

•Europe 49

•Middle East 17

•S-E Africa 20

•W-C Africa 22

nMembers’ annual contribution – Euro 12.3 Million

n124 Employees (+20 attaches) – two directorates (+one)

•Tariff & Trade

•Compliance & Facilitation

•(Capacity Building)

nCustoms Cooperation Fund (voluntary contribution for technical assistance & capacity building)


WCO Mission

nEffectiveness & efficiency of customs

nStandard setting for customs procedures

nInternational cooperation

•Sharing information & best practice

nTechnical assistance & capacity building

Priorities

nSupply chain security & facilitation

nTrade facilitation

nEnforcement program

•Revenue fraud, drug trafficking, counterfeit

nCapacity building

nIntegrity

nHS review

nValuation database

nGood governance

II. Evolution of customs

Revenue Collection of import taxes (duties & excise)

Protection of Economic Interests(domestic industry)

Protection of Society (drug trafficking, firearms, environment, counterfeit etc.)

Economic Development (trade facilitation)

Security (shifting focus to entire supply chain)

III. WTO trade facilitation – potential benefits

nPolitical will for simplified border procedures

nSupport and co-operation with trade community

nAwareness of customs requirements and improved compliance•

nCo-operation with other border agencies

nImpetus for customs capacity building

n

nWTO to provide a framework of cross-cutting trade issues and co-ordination for specialized international organizations and initiatives

WCO revised Kyoto Convention

nPrinciples for modern customs procedures

ØPartnership with trade

ØTransparency and predictability

ØUse of modern technology

ØRisk management (better resource allocation)

ØSpecially simplified procedures for authorized traders (compliance with Customs requirements)

nBlueprint for customs to

ØImplement effective and efficient controls; and

ØFacilitate legitimate trade

nImplementation

ØGuidelines and best practice constantly upgraded

ØRatification in progress (37 signatories)

WCO Complements WTO

WTO/GATT 1994

4

4Article V- Freedom of Transit

4Article VIII – Fees/ Formalities

4Article X – Publication & appeals

WCO (Kyoto)

4

4Effective rules for transit procedures

4Fees limited to the cost of services rendered

4Simplified procedures and limited data requirement

4Publication of regulations

*Appeals

Customs Trade Facilitation Self Assessment Tool

nSnapshot of customs in relation to the GATT articles V, VIII and X

nChecklists extracted from Diagnostic Framework

n

nAssessing needs and priorities of customs

n

nPilot projects underway with the World Bank

nPartially applicable to other border agencies (in particular Article X)

nMore comprehensive diagnostic for customs capacity building available



IV. Security concerns

nCustoms mission after terrorist attacks

ØHigh expectation for customs on trade security

ØScope extended to the entire supply chain incl. export

ØRisk assessment using advance electronic information to identify high-risk cargo

ØSecurity checks as early as possible, before export

ØEnhanced cooperation with border agencies / trade

n Need for global cooperative arrangements

ØAvoid different and conflicting national approaches

ØComplementary to regional, bilateral initiatives

ØAvoid the marginalization of developing countries - CB

nTrade facilitation for legitimate trade

ØEfficient & effective customs procedures

WCO “Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate

GlobalTrade”

nThe first draft accepted at the WCO Policy Commission in December 2004

•Developed based on the existing WCO instruments (revised Kyoto Convention) and measures for security & facilitation

•Compatible with existing bilateral & regional approaches

n

nConsultation under way with the WCO members and the private sector

nAdoption envisaged at the WCO Council in June 2005

Four core elements of the WCO Framework

nHarmonizing advance electronic manifest information to allow risk assessment

•Inbound, outbound, transit

nUsing a consistent risk management approach

nUsing non-intrusive detection equipment to effect examinations

•Outbound inspection

nBenefits to nations, customs and business

Two pillars of the WCO Framework

nCustoms-to-customs pillar

•Encourage cooperation among customs administrations on the basis of common and accepted standards

•Use of advance electronic information to identify high-risk containers

•Use of prescreen technology, smarter and more secure containers

•

nCustom-to-business pillar

•Establish partnership

•Identify business with a high degree of security guarantee as “authorized traders”

•Tangible benefits to “authorized traders”




Implementation of the WCO Framework

nPhased approach

•In accordance with the each administration’s capacity

•Legislative authority

•

nCapacity building

•Use of diagnostic tools

nSelf-assessment tool under development extracted from the Diagnostic Framework

V. Capacity building

nCrucial for implementing global standards

ØIntegration of developing countries to global trading system

nCustoms Capacity Building Strategy

ØPolitical will

ØSustainable human and financial resources

ØIntegrity as the cornerstone for customs reform

ØAccurate diagnosis

nDiagnostic and integrity tools available

ØIdentification of needs and country-specific programs

nRegional approach

ØSynergy with regional initiatives

Customs Capacity Building Diagnostic Framework

nA comprehensive and standardized diagnostic tool and project design / implementation guide

nFor practitioners and self-assessment

nDiagnostic questions, commonly observed weakness, possible solutions and improvement options, reference material

n

nComplementary to World Bank “Customs Modernization Handbook”

Integrity

nCornerstone of any CB activities

n

nArusha Declaration (1993) & Revised Arusha Declaration (2003)

nTransparency and simplification of procedures to reduce the opportunities for wrongdoings

nHuman resource management & development

nWCO tools available to implement the Declaration

n

Cooperation with the business is essential

Delivery process of CB

nPool of experts (WCO Secretariat, national administrations and others)

nRegional approach

nRegional Training Center, Regional Office for CB

n

nTraining resources

nE-learning

nWorkshop, seminar, Fellowship program

n

nCollaborative efforts

nGlobal Facilitation Partnership for Transport and Trade (GFP) with WB, UN agencies and others www.gfptt.org

nRegional Development Banks and other donors

(Sumber : Bahan Pelatihan Eddhi Sutarto, di Vietnam-dong)

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